内存管理

AI 应用程序需要支持在同一轮会话的多条消息间共享上下文，或者在不同的会话场景先共享上下文。在 Spring AI Alibaba Graph 中，您可以添加两种类型的内存：

• 添加短期内存作为智能体状态的一部分，支持与智能体进行多轮聊天对话。
• 添加长期内存是指跨会话存储的用户特定或应用程序级别的数据。

添加短期内存

短期内存（会话级持久化）使智能体能够跟踪多轮对话。要添加短期内存：

添加短期内存查看完整代码

// 创建内存检查点器
MemorySaver checkpointer = new MemorySaver();

SaverConfig saverConfig = SaverConfig.builder()
  .register(checkpointer)
  .build();

// 定义状态策略
KeyStrategyFactory keyStrategyFactory = () -> {
  Map<String, KeyStrategy> keyStrategyMap = new HashMap<>();
  keyStrategyMap.put("messages", new AppendStrategy());
  return keyStrategyMap;
};

// 构建图
StateGraph stateGraph = new StateGraph(keyStrategyFactory)
  .addNode("agent", agentNode)
  .addEdge(START, "agent")
  .addEdge("agent", END);

// 使用检查点器编译图
CompiledGraph graph = stateGraph.compile(
  CompileConfig.builder()
      .saverConfig(saverConfig)
      .build()
);

// 使用会话 ID 调用图
RunnableConfig config = RunnableConfig.builder()
  .threadId("user-session-1")
  .build();

Map<String, Object> input = Map.of(
  "messages", List.of(
      Map.of("role", "user", "content", "你好！我是 Bob")
  )
);

graph.invoke(input, config);

生产环境使用

在生产环境中，使用由数据库支持的检查点器：

Redis 检查点器

Redis 检查点器配置查看完整代码

import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.checkpoint.savers.RedisSaver;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.checkpoint.config.SaverConfig;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.checkpoint.constant.SaverConstant;

// Redis 配置
String redisHost = "localhost";
int redisPort = 6379;

RedisSaver redisSaver = new RedisSaver(redisHost, redisPort);

SaverConfig saverConfig = SaverConfig.builder()
  .register(SaverConstant.REDIS, redisSaver)
  .build();

CompiledGraph graph = stateGraph.compile(
  CompileConfig.builder()
      .saverConfig(saverConfig)
      .build()
);

完整示例：使用短期内存的多轮对话

使用短期内存的多轮对话示例查看完整代码

import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.CompileConfig;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.CompiledGraph;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.KeyStrategy;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.KeyStrategyFactory;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.RunnableConfig;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.checkpoint.config.SaverConfig;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.checkpoint.savers.MemorySaver;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.state.strategy.AppendStrategy;

import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.ChatClient;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph.END;
import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph.START;
import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.action.AsyncNodeAction.node_async;

// 定义状态策略
KeyStrategyFactory keyStrategyFactory = () -> {
  Map<String, KeyStrategy> keyStrategyMap = new HashMap<>();
  keyStrategyMap.put("messages", new AppendStrategy());
  return keyStrategyMap;
};

// 创建聊天节点
var chatNode = node_async(state -> {
  List<Map<String, String>> messages =
      (List<Map<String, String>>) state.value("messages").orElse(List.of());

  // 使用 ChatClient 调用 AI 模型
  ChatClient chatClient = chatClientBuilder.build();
  String response = chatClient.prompt()
      .user(messages.get(messages.size() - 1).get("content"))
      .call()
      .content();

  return Map.of("messages", List.of(
      Map.of("role", "assistant", "content", response)
  ));
});

// 构建图
StateGraph stateGraph = new StateGraph(keyStrategyFactory)
  .addNode("chat", chatNode)
  .addEdge(START, "chat")
  .addEdge("chat", END);

// 配置检查点
SaverConfig saverConfig = SaverConfig.builder()
      .register(new MemorySaver())
  .build();

// 编译图
CompiledGraph graph = stateGraph.compile(
  CompileConfig.builder()
      .saverConfig(saverConfig)
      .build()
);

// 第一轮对话
RunnableConfig config = RunnableConfig.builder()
  .threadId("conversation-1")
  .build();

graph.invoke(Map.of("messages", List.of(
  Map.of("role", "user", "content", "你好！我是 Bob")
)), config);

// 第二轮对话（使用相同的 threadId）
graph.invoke(Map.of("messages", List.of(
  Map.of("role", "user", "content", "我的名字是什么？")
)), config);
// AI 将能够记住之前的对话，回答 "Bob"

在子图中使用

如果您的图包含子图，您只需在编译父图时提供检查点器。Spring AI Alibaba Graph 将自动将检查点器传播到子图。

在子图中使用检查点器查看完整代码

import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.CompiledGraph;
import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph.START;

// 定义状态
KeyStrategyFactory keyStrategyFactory = () -> {
  Map<String, KeyStrategy> keyStrategyMap = new HashMap<>();
  keyStrategyMap.put("foo", new ReplaceStrategy());
  return keyStrategyMap;
};

// 子图
var subgraphNode = node_async(state -> {
  String foo = (String) state.value("foo").orElse("");
  return Map.of("foo", foo + "bar");
});

StateGraph subgraphBuilder = new StateGraph(keyStrategyFactory)
  .addNode("subgraph_node_1", subgraphNode)
  .addEdge(START, "subgraph_node_1");

// 子图不需要检查点器
CompiledGraph subgraph = subgraphBuilder.compile();

// 父图
StateGraph parentBuilder = new StateGraph(keyStrategyFactory)
  .addNode("node_1", state -> {
      // 调用子图
      return subgraph.invoke(state.data(),
          RunnableConfig.builder().build());
  })
  .addEdge(START, "node_1");

// 只在父图编译时提供检查点器
SaverConfig saverConfig = SaverConfig.builder()
  .register(SaverConstant.MEMORY, new MemorySaver())
  .build();

CompiledGraph graph = parentBuilder.compile(
  CompileConfig.builder()
      .saverConfig(saverConfig)
      .build()
);

如果您希望子图拥有自己的内存，可以使用适当的检查点器选项编译它。这在多智能体系统中很有用，如果您希望智能体跟踪其内部消息历史。

添加长期内存

使用长期内存跨对话存储用户特定或应用程序特定的数据。

Spring AI Alibaba 借助 Store 组件来实现记忆的写入或读取管理。Store 是一个抽象接口，可以有不同的实现（如 MemoryStore、RedisStore 等），用于持久化存储跨会话的数据。

使用 Store 存储用户信息

在节点中使用 Store 存储和检索用户特定的长期数据：

使用 Store 存储用户信息查看完整代码

import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.CompileConfig;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.CompiledGraph;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.KeyStrategy;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.KeyStrategyFactory;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.OverAllState;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.RunnableConfig;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.state.strategy.ReplaceStrategy;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.store.Store;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.store.StoreItem;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.store.stores.MemoryStore;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;

import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph.END;
import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph.START;
import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.action.AsyncNodeActionWithConfig.node_async;

// 在节点中使用 Store 存储用户信息
var userProfileNode = node_async((state, config) -> {
  String userId = (String) state.value("userId").orElse("");

  if (userId.isEmpty()) {
      return Map.of("userProfile", Map.of("name", "Unknown", "preferences", "default"));
  }

  // 从 Store 获取用户配置
  Store store = config.store();
  if (store != null) {
      Optional<StoreItem> itemOpt = store.getItem(List.of("user_profiles"), userId);
      if (itemOpt.isPresent()) {
          Map<String, Object> userProfile = itemOpt.get().getValue();
          return Map.of("userProfile", userProfile);
      }
  }

  // 如果未找到，返回默认值
  Map<String, Object> userProfile = Map.of("name", "User", "preferences", "default");
  return Map.of("userProfile", userProfile);
});

// 创建图
KeyStrategyFactory keyStrategyFactory = () -> {
  Map<String, KeyStrategy> keyStrategyMap = new HashMap<>();
  keyStrategyMap.put("userId", new ReplaceStrategy());
  keyStrategyMap.put("userProfile", new ReplaceStrategy());
  return keyStrategyMap;
};

StateGraph stateGraph = new StateGraph(keyStrategyFactory)
      .addNode("load_profile", userProfileNode)
      .addEdge(START, "load_profile")
      .addEdge("load_profile", END);

CompiledGraph graph = stateGraph.compile(CompileConfig.builder().build());

// 创建长期记忆存储并预填充数据
MemoryStore memoryStore = new MemoryStore();
Map<String, Object> profileData = new HashMap<>();
profileData.put("name", "张三");
profileData.put("preferences", "喜欢编程");
StoreItem profileItem = StoreItem.of(List.of("user_profiles"), "user_001", profileData);
memoryStore.putItem(profileItem);

// 运行图
RunnableConfig config = RunnableConfig.builder()
      .threadId("profile_thread")
      .store(memoryStore)
      .build();

Optional<OverAllState> stateOptional = graph.invoke(Map.of("userId", "user_001"), config);
Map<String, Object> result = stateOptional.get().data();
System.out.println("加载的用户配置: " + result.get("userProfile"));

说明：

• 使用 AsyncNodeActionWithConfig.node_async 来访问 RunnableConfig，从而获取 Store 实例
• 通过 config.store() 获取 Store，可能为 null，需要做空值检查
• 使用 store.getItem(namespace, key) 从 Store 中获取数据，返回 Optional<StoreItem>
• 使用 StoreItem.of(namespace, key, value) 创建 StoreItem，然后通过 store.putItem(item) 存储数据
• 在 RunnableConfig 中通过 .store(memoryStore) 指定要使用的 Store 实例

使用 Store 实现缓存

使用 Store 实现缓存机制，避免重复执行耗时操作：

使用 Store 实现缓存查看完整代码

import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.CompileConfig;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.CompiledGraph;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.KeyStrategy;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.KeyStrategyFactory;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.OverAllState;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.RunnableConfig;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.state.strategy.ReplaceStrategy;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.store.Store;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.store.StoreItem;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.store.stores.MemoryStore;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;

import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph.END;
import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph.START;
import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.action.AsyncNodeActionWithConfig.node_async;

var cacheNode = node_async((state, config) -> {
  String key = (String) state.value("cacheKey").orElse("");

  if (key.isEmpty()) {
      return Map.of("result", "no_key");
  }

  // 从 Store 获取缓存数据
  Store store = config.store();
  if (store != null) {
      Optional<StoreItem> itemOpt = store.getItem(List.of("cache"), key);
      if (itemOpt.isPresent()) {
          // 缓存命中
          Map<String, Object> cachedData = itemOpt.get().getValue();
          return Map.of("result", cachedData.get("value"));
      }
  }

  // 缓存未命中，执行计算或查询
  Object computedData = performExpensiveOperation(key);

  // 存储到 Store
  if (store != null) {
      Map<String, Object> cacheValue = new HashMap<>();
      cacheValue.put("value", computedData);
      StoreItem cacheItem = StoreItem.of(List.of("cache"), key, cacheValue);
      store.putItem(cacheItem);
  }

  return Map.of("result", computedData);
});

// 创建图
KeyStrategyFactory keyStrategyFactory = () -> {
  Map<String, KeyStrategy> keyStrategyMap = new HashMap<>();
  keyStrategyMap.put("cacheKey", new ReplaceStrategy());
  keyStrategyMap.put("result", new ReplaceStrategy());
  return keyStrategyMap;
};

StateGraph stateGraph = new StateGraph(keyStrategyFactory)
      .addNode("cache", cacheNode)
      .addEdge(START, "cache")
      .addEdge("cache", END);

CompiledGraph graph = stateGraph.compile(CompileConfig.builder().build());

// 创建长期记忆存储
MemoryStore memoryStore = new MemoryStore();

// 第一次调用（缓存未命中）
RunnableConfig config = RunnableConfig.builder()
      .threadId("cache_thread")
      .store(memoryStore)
      .build();

Optional<OverAllState> stateOptional = graph.invoke(Map.of("cacheKey", "expensive_key"), config);
Map<String, Object> result1 = stateOptional.get().data();
System.out.println("第一次调用结果: " + result1.get("result"));

// 第二次调用（缓存命中）
Optional<OverAllState> stateOptional2 = graph.invoke(Map.of("cacheKey", "expensive_key"), config);
Map<String, Object> result2 = stateOptional2.get().data();
System.out.println("第二次调用结果（从缓存）: " + result2.get("result"));

辅助方法（在实际代码中定义）：

模拟耗时操作查看完整代码

// 模拟耗时操作
private static Object performExpensiveOperation(String key) {
  // 模拟耗时计算
  return "computed_result_for_" + key;
}

说明：

• 缓存逻辑：首先检查 Store 中是否存在缓存数据，如果存在则直接返回（缓存命中），否则执行耗时操作并将结果存储到 Store（缓存未命中）
• 使用 List.of("cache") 作为命名空间来组织缓存数据
• 同一个 RunnableConfig 和 Store 实例可以在多次调用中复用，实现跨调用的缓存持久化

完整示例：结合短期和长期内存

结合短期和长期内存的完整示例查看完整代码

import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.CompileConfig;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.CompiledGraph;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.KeyStrategy;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.KeyStrategyFactory;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.RunnableConfig;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.checkpoint.config.SaverConfig;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.checkpoint.savers.MemorySaver;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.state.strategy.AppendStrategy;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.state.strategy.ReplaceStrategy;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.store.Store;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.store.StoreItem;
import com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.store.stores.MemoryStore;

import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.ChatClient;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Optional;

import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph.END;
import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.StateGraph.START;
import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.action.AsyncNodeAction.node_async;
import static com.alibaba.cloud.ai.graph.action.AsyncNodeActionWithConfig.node_async;

// 定义状态
KeyStrategyFactory keyStrategyFactory = () -> {
  Map<String, KeyStrategy> keyStrategyMap = new HashMap<>();
  keyStrategyMap.put("userId", new ReplaceStrategy());
  keyStrategyMap.put("messages", new AppendStrategy());
  keyStrategyMap.put("userPreferences", new ReplaceStrategy());
  return keyStrategyMap;
};

// 加载用户偏好（长期内存）
var loadUserPreferences = node_async((state, config) -> {
  String userId = (String) state.value("userId").orElse("");

  if (userId.isEmpty()) {
      return Map.of("userPreferences", Map.of("theme", "default", "language", "zh"));
  }

  // 从 Store 加载用户偏好
  Store store = config.store();
  if (store != null) {
      Optional<StoreItem> itemOpt = store.getItem(List.of("user_preferences"), userId);
      if (itemOpt.isPresent()) {
          Map<String, Object> preferences = itemOpt.get().getValue();
          return Map.of("userPreferences", preferences);
      }
  }

  // 如果未找到，返回默认偏好
  Map<String, Object> preferences = Map.of("theme", "dark", "language", "zh");
  return Map.of("userPreferences", preferences);
});

// 聊天节点（使用短期和长期内存）
var chatNode = node_async(state -> {
  List<Map<String, String>> messages =
      (List<Map<String, String>>) state.value("messages").orElse(List.of());
  Map<String, Object> preferences =
      (Map<String, Object>) state.value("userPreferences").orElse(Map.of());

  // 构建包含用户偏好的提示
  String userPrompt = messages.get(messages.size() - 1).get("content");
  String enhancedPrompt = "用户偏好: " + preferences + "
用户问题: " + userPrompt;

  // 调用 AI
  ChatClient chatClient = chatClientBuilder.build();
  String response = chatClient.prompt()
      .user(enhancedPrompt)
      .call()
      .content();

  return Map.of("messages", List.of(
      Map.of("role", "assistant", "content", response)
  ));
});

// 构建图
StateGraph stateGraph = new StateGraph(keyStrategyFactory)
  .addNode("load_preferences", loadUserPreferences)
  .addNode("chat", chatNode)
  .addEdge(START, "load_preferences")
  .addEdge("load_preferences", "chat")
  .addEdge("chat", END);

// 配置检查点（短期内存）
SaverConfig saverConfig = SaverConfig.builder()
      .register(new MemorySaver())
  .build();

// 编译图
CompiledGraph graph = stateGraph.compile(
  CompileConfig.builder()
      .saverConfig(saverConfig)
      .build()
);

// 创建长期记忆存储并预填充用户偏好
MemoryStore memoryStore = new MemoryStore();
Map<String, Object> preferencesData = new HashMap<>();
preferencesData.put("theme", "dark");
preferencesData.put("language", "zh");
preferencesData.put("timezone", "Asia/Shanghai");
StoreItem preferencesItem = StoreItem.of(List.of("user_preferences"), "user_002", preferencesData);
memoryStore.putItem(preferencesItem);

// 运行图
RunnableConfig config = RunnableConfig.builder()
      .threadId("combined_thread")
      .store(memoryStore)
  .build();

// 第一轮对话（加载偏好并开始对话）
graph.invoke(Map.of(
      "userId", "user_002",
      "messages", List.of(Map.of("role", "user", "content", "你好"))
), config);

// 第二轮对话（使用短期和长期记忆）
graph.invoke(Map.of(
      "userId", "user_002",
      "messages", List.of(Map.of("role", "user", "content", "根据我的偏好给我一些建议"))
), config);

通过这种方式，您的应用程序可以同时利用短期内存（对话历史）和长期内存（用户偏好），提供更个性化和上下文感知的体验。